社会主义下人的灵魂
The Soul of Man Under Socialism
Oscar Wilde · 初版 1891 年
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为什么值得读
- 阐述私有财产制度为何会压制和阻碍个人主义
- 质疑资本主义是否有助于实现全人类的终极目标
- 展现出与传统理性派马克思主义截然不同的视角
The Soul of Man Under Socialism 是 Oscar Wilde 于1891年发表的一篇散文，他在文中阐述了 libertarian socialist（自由意志社会主义）世界观，并对慈善行为提出了批判。The Soul of Man 的创作源于 Wilde 在阅读了 Peter Kropotkin 的著作后转向无政府主义哲学。在 The Soul of Man 中，Wilde 主张，在资本主义制度下，“大多数人因一种不健康且夸大的利他主义而毁掉了自己的生活——事实上，是被迫如此毁掉的”：他们非但没有发挥真正的才华，反而把时间浪费在解决资本主义造成的社会问题上，而没有……
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……不幸的是挺常见的）例子：与其看 Fox news 听到社会主义要席卷美国就气得面红耳赤，我们亲爱的普通美国“消费者”完全可以读读《资本论》、《社会主义下人的灵魂》、《通往维冈码头之路》、《资本主义与自由》以及《论自由》等等等等。你懂我意思。所以说，我真的非常赞同《娱乐至死》的核心论点。1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_consumption
…unfortunately not uncommon) example, instead of getting all red in the face hearing about Socialism coming to the USA from Fox news, our dear average USA 'consumer' could have read Das Kapital, and The Soul of Man Under Socialism, and The Road to Wigan Pier, and Capitalism and Freedom, and On Liberty, and... etc etc. You get the point. So yeah, I'm really onboard with the thesis of Amusing Ourselves To Death. 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_consumption
……情人是占有者，丈夫是所有人。https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/proudho... 想了解为什么私有制与个人主义对立，我推荐王尔德的《社会主义下人的灵魂》以及布克钦的关切：https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/wilde-oscar/soul-... 甚至施蒂纳派的利己主义者也对私有财产持反对意见：http://www.spunk.org/texts/intro/faq/sp001547/secF4.html
…lover is a possessor, a husband is a proprietor. https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/economics/proudho... And to learn about why property is against individualism, I recommend Oscar Wilde's The Soul of Man Under Socialism and Bookchin's concerns: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/wilde-oscar/soul-... Even the Stirnerian egoists take issue with private property: http://www.spunk.org/texts/intro/faq/sp001547/secF4.html
……尽最大可能为人类的总体目标做贡献，而资本主义充当了实现这一目标的工具。要想看看“资本主义根本不是什么好工具”这一视角，不妨读读奥斯卡·王尔德的散文《社会主义下人的灵魂》，网上可以免费看（那必须的！）。摘录一段：在一个世纪的进程中，偶尔会出现伟大的科学家，如达尔文；伟大的诗人，如济慈；敏锐的批评家，……
…most that they can to the overall goals of humanity and capitalism acts as a vehicle for that. For the point of view that it's not a very good vehicle at all, it's worth reading Oscar Widle's essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism, which is free to read online (of course!) Here's a quick excerpt: Now and then, in the course of the century, a great man of science, like Darwin; a great poet, like Keats; a fine critical spirit,…
这是一篇好文章，尤其是因为我是他的《社会主义下人的灵魂》的粉丝——不过很惭愧，这是我读过他的唯一一部作品。特别的是，他与同时代的其他社会主义思想家关系很微妙；马克思是出了名的彻头彻尾的理性派，深入到……
This was a nice article, especially since I'm a fan of his The Soul of Man Under Socialism, which I'm ashamed to say is the only work I've read by him. In particular, he stands in an odd relation to the other socialist thinkers of his era; Marx known as a thoroughly rational type who went to…
……财产所有权并不比国家赋予产权所有者各种特权的暴政好多少。蒲鲁东在《什么是所有权》中深入探讨了这一点，奥斯卡·王尔德在他的散文《社会主义下人的灵魂》中也谈到了它。为什么区分权贵与“非权贵”是有用的，而一个“纯粹”的资本主义社会又将在哪些方面缓解权贵资本主义带来的问题，包括但不限于陷入困境……
…property ownership isn't much better than the tyranny of the state granting various benefits to property owners. Proudhon in What is Property goes into this and Oscar Wilde talks about it in his essay The Soul of Man Under Socialism. Why is the crony vs 'not crony' distinction useful, and in what ways would a 'pure' capitalist society alleviate the problems caused by crony capitalism, including but not limited to the difficulty…
……完全是错误的答案。正确的答案是用自动化来减少劳动时间，为个人的充实让路，正如诗人和作家奥斯卡·王尔德在他的书《社会主义下人的灵魂》中所写的那样，俄国无政府主义哲学家克鲁泡特金早在 19 世纪也持同样观点。话虽如此，我并不乐观——产能过剩将持续，危机周期会不断重复，直到再也难以为继，……
…completely the wrong answer. The correct answer is to use automation to reduce labour hours and make way for the enrichment of the individual, as poet and author Oscar Wilde wrote about in his book The Soul of Man Under Socialism and indeed so did Russian anarchist philosopher Kropotkin since the 19th century. That said, I am not optimistic - overproduction will continue and the crisis cycle repeats until it is no longer sustainable,…