精英体制的神话
The meritocracy myth
Stephen J. McNamee · 初版 2009 年
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“The Meritocracy Myth 挑战了美国普遍信奉的精英主义（meritocracy）迷思——即人们能根据个人才能从体系中获得相应的回报。第二版进行了全面的修订与更新，收录了极具说服力的全新案例研究，例如社会资本与文化资本在 George W. Bush 和 Barack Obama 案例中的影响，以及关于金融与信贷危机影响、代际流动性、种族主义与性别歧视影响等当前热点的新资料。The Meritocracy Myth 审视了才能、态度、职业道德和品格作为
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……明白是什么能帮他们守住财富。相比之下，许多贫困家庭对攒钱可以说是一无所知。有一本好书深入剖析了这一点，叫《The Meritocracy Myth》。http://www.amazon.com/Meritocracy-Myth-Stephen-J-McNamee/dp/...
…knowing what helps them remain wealthy. In contrast, many underprivileged families don't know much about saving money at all. There's a great book that goes into a lot of detail about this. It's called the Meritocracy Myth. http://www.amazon.com/Meritocracy-Myth-Stephen-J-McNamee/dp/...
……文章里提到了精英体制（meritocracy）。在美国，所谓的“凭才干上位”就是个笑话。顶层阶级基本上已经把通道给自家娃锁死了，甚至比当年的贵族制还要恶劣（贵族好歹还能让人过过悠闲日子）。耶鲁法学教授 Stephen McNamee 写的《The Meritocracy Myth》就是讲这个的，很值得一读。里面列出的统计数据让人触目惊心。
…article meritocracy is mentioned. Meritocracy is a joke in America. People at the top basically have it rigged for their kids, even worse than what aristocracy brought (which offered a leisurely life). The Meritocracy Myth by Yale Law Professor Stephen McNamee is a good read regarding this. It is shocking, as in the statistics.
这在美国社会基本上就是一种地位和阶级标识，尤其是对中上阶层和上层阶级而言。读一读耶鲁大学法学教授 Stephen McNamee 写的《The Meritocracy Myth》，你就能把他们玩的这套把戏看得透透的。尤其是美国上层阶级，基本上都在没日没夜地超长工作（80-105……
It is basically a status and class indicator in American society, particularly for the upper middle class and the upper class. If you read "The Meritocracy Myth" by Yale University law professor Stephen McNamee, you will understand the game being played here quite well. There are upper class Americans in particular who basically work extremely long hours (80-105…
……不仅倾向于认为体制‘应该’这样运作，而且大多数美国人也认为体制‘实际上就是’这样运作的（Huber 和 Form 1973，Kluegel 和 Smith 1986，Ladd 1994）。在我们的书《The Meritocracy Myth》（Rowman & Littlefield，2004）中，我们对这些普遍持有的观点提出了质疑，指出人们以为的体制运作方式与体制的实际运作方式之间存在着巨大的断层。……
…not only tend to think that is how the system should work, but most Americans also think that is how the system does work (Huber and Form 1973, Kluegel and Smith 1986, Ladd 1994). In our book The Meritocracy Myth (Rowman & Littlefield, 2004), we challenge the validity of these commonly held assertions, by arguing that there is a gap between how people think the system works and how the system actually does work.…
……不仅倾向于认为体制‘应该’这样运作，而且大多数美国人也认为体制‘实际上就是’这样运作的（Huber 和 Form 1973，Kluegel 和 Smith 1986，Ladd 1994）。在我们的书《The Meritocracy Myth》（Rowman & Littlefield，2004）中，我们对这些普遍持有的观点提出了质疑，指出人们以为的体制运作方式与体制实际上……
…only tend to think that is how the system should work, but most Americans also think that is how the system does work (Huber and Form 1973, Kluegel and Smith 1986, Ladd 1994). In our book The Meritocracy Myth (Rowman & Littlefield, 2004), we challenge the validity of these commonly held assertions, by arguing that there is a gap between how people think the system works and how the system actually…