……被独裁政权用来为自身行径辩护的框架。铁幕背后实践的共产主义完全是对他著作的有效诠释。我推荐已故前共产党人、波兰哲学家莱谢克·科拉科夫斯基（Leszek Kołakowski）写的一部大部头《Main Currents of Marxism》（马克思主义的主要流派）。
…framework exploited by the dictatorships to justify their deeds. The communism practiced behind the iron curtain was a perfect valid interpretation of his work. I recommend a really big book called 'Main Currents of Marxism' by the late ex-communist polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski.
……显得好像这门学科在一场愚民阴谋中把事情藏得严严实实。[2] 如果你不想看那种对马克思主义抱有同情立场的概述，科拉科夫斯基——马克思主义最严厉的批判者之一——写了《The Main Currents of Marxism》。[3] 例子：https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3468758 以及 https://econpapers.repec.org/article/fisjournl/19s0102.htm 和 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030981681985277...……
…to be as if the discipline keeps things well hidden in an obscurantist conspiracy. [2] If you don't care for a sympathetic overview of Marxism, Kolakowski, one of Marxism's harshest critics, wrote The Main Currents of Marxism. [3] Example: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3468758 and https://econpapers.repec.org/article/fisjournl/19s0102.htm and https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030981681985277...…
我看到这里有很多人在辩论到底什么是社会主义、什么不是。有很多有趣的观点，但都比不上波兰哲学家、《Main Currents of Marxism》作者莱谢克·科拉科夫斯基（Leszek Kołakowski）写的这篇文章。它写于1956年，但被审查机构查扣，原本要刊发它的学生杂志也被查封了。之后这篇文章被钉在华沙大学的布告栏上，直到……
I am seeing a lot of debate here about what Socialism is or is not. Lots of interesting points but none of them come close to this article by the Leszek Kolakowski (Polish Philosopher and author of Main Currents of Marxism) It was written in 1956 but was seized by the censor and the student journal for which it had been written was closed down. The essay was then pinned up on a bulletin board at Warsaw University until…
……两者之间存在区别。我读过一些左翼文献（马克思的《资本论》第一卷、他的《德意志意识形态》以及他年轻时的其他著作、列宁的《怎么办？》、科拉科夫斯基三卷本的《Main Currents of Marxism》、卢卡奇的一些作品、雅克·朗西埃的《劳工之夜：十九世纪法国工人的梦想》），但在这些大部头里，没有一处明确区分了“共产主义”和“社会主义”……
…is a difference between the two. I've read some left-leaning literature (Marx's Capital I, his "German Ideology" and other younger writings of his, Lenin's "What Is to Be Done?", Kołakowski's 3-volume "Main Currents of Marxism", some Lukács, Jacques Rancière's "Nights of Labor: The Workers Dream in Nineteenth Century France") and no-where in those volumes there was a clear distinction made between "communism" and "socialism".…
确实，并非所有的极权主义都是共产主义，但正如莱谢克·科拉科夫斯基在专著《Main Currents of Marxism》中所证明的那样，极权主义深深植根于共产主义意识形态之中。每一个被共产党人统治足够长时间的国家，最终都沦为了极权政权。没有任何已知的国家案例……
True, not every totalitarianism is communism, but, as Leszek Kołakowski proved in "Main Currents of Marxism" monography, totalitarism is deeply ingrained in communism ideology. Every single country that was ruled by communists long enough ended up being totalitarian regime. There are no known examples of country…
我最近一直在读一些老书，包括：* 《From Atomos to Atom》 * 《From Alchemy to Chemistry》 * 《The Main Currents of Marxism》第一部分（不是讲马克思主义的——就是一堆主要属于基督教派的哲学家） * 《The Skeptical Chemist》 * 笛卡尔的一些著作。我注意到了两件引人瞩目的事。首先，早期的基督教思想家……
I've been reading some old books lately including: * From Atomos to Atom * From Alchemy to Chemistry * The Main Currents of Marxism Part 1 (not about Marxism - just a bunch of, mostly Christian, philosophers) * The Skeptical Chemist * Some of Descartes' work I've noticed two notable things. First, the early Christian thinkers were…
……被独裁政权用来为自身行径辩护的框架。铁幕背后实践的共产主义完全是对他著作的有效诠释。我推荐已故前共产党人、波兰哲学家莱谢克·科拉科夫斯基（Leszek Kołakowski）写的一部大部头《Main Currents of Marxism》（马克思主义的主要流派）。
…framework exploited by the dictatorships to justify their deeds. The communism practiced behind the iron curtain was a perfect valid interpretation of his work. I recommend a really big book called 'Main Currents of Marxism' by the late ex-communist polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski.
……显得好像这门学科在一场愚民阴谋中把事情藏得严严实实。[2] 如果你不想看那种对马克思主义抱有同情立场的概述，科拉科夫斯基——马克思主义最严厉的批判者之一——写了《The Main Currents of Marxism》。[3] 例子：https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3468758 以及 https://econpapers.repec.org/article/fisjournl/19s0102.htm 和 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030981681985277...……
…to be as if the discipline keeps things well hidden in an obscurantist conspiracy. [2] If you don't care for a sympathetic overview of Marxism, Kolakowski, one of Marxism's harshest critics, wrote The Main Currents of Marxism. [3] Example: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3468758 and https://econpapers.repec.org/article/fisjournl/19s0102.htm and https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030981681985277...…
我看到这里有很多人在辩论到底什么是社会主义、什么不是。有很多有趣的观点，但都比不上波兰哲学家、《Main Currents of Marxism》作者莱谢克·科拉科夫斯基（Leszek Kołakowski）写的这篇文章。它写于1956年，但被审查机构查扣，原本要刊发它的学生杂志也被查封了。之后这篇文章被钉在华沙大学的布告栏上，直到……
I am seeing a lot of debate here about what Socialism is or is not. Lots of interesting points but none of them come close to this article by the Leszek Kolakowski (Polish Philosopher and author of Main Currents of Marxism) It was written in 1956 but was seized by the censor and the student journal for which it had been written was closed down. The essay was then pinned up on a bulletin board at Warsaw University until…
……两者之间存在区别。我读过一些左翼文献（马克思的《资本论》第一卷、他的《德意志意识形态》以及他年轻时的其他著作、列宁的《怎么办？》、科拉科夫斯基三卷本的《Main Currents of Marxism》、卢卡奇的一些作品、雅克·朗西埃的《劳工之夜：十九世纪法国工人的梦想》），但在这些大部头里，没有一处明确区分了“共产主义”和“社会主义”……
…is a difference between the two. I've read some left-leaning literature (Marx's Capital I, his "German Ideology" and other younger writings of his, Lenin's "What Is to Be Done?", Kołakowski's 3-volume "Main Currents of Marxism", some Lukács, Jacques Rancière's "Nights of Labor: The Workers Dream in Nineteenth Century France") and no-where in those volumes there was a clear distinction made between "communism" and "socialism".…
确实，并非所有的极权主义都是共产主义，但正如莱谢克·科拉科夫斯基在专著《Main Currents of Marxism》中所证明的那样，极权主义深深植根于共产主义意识形态之中。每一个被共产党人统治足够长时间的国家，最终都沦为了极权政权。没有任何已知的国家案例……
True, not every totalitarianism is communism, but, as Leszek Kołakowski proved in "Main Currents of Marxism" monography, totalitarism is deeply ingrained in communism ideology. Every single country that was ruled by communists long enough ended up being totalitarian regime. There are no known examples of country…
我最近一直在读一些老书，包括：* 《From Atomos to Atom》 * 《From Alchemy to Chemistry》 * 《The Main Currents of Marxism》第一部分（不是讲马克思主义的——就是一堆主要属于基督教派的哲学家） * 《The Skeptical Chemist》 * 笛卡尔的一些著作。我注意到了两件引人瞩目的事。首先，早期的基督教思想家……
I've been reading some old books lately including: * From Atomos to Atom * From Alchemy to Chemistry * The Main Currents of Marxism Part 1 (not about Marxism - just a bunch of, mostly Christian, philosophers) * The Skeptical Chemist * Some of Descartes' work I've noticed two notable things. First, the early Christian thinkers were…