语言、真理与逻辑
Language, truth and logic
A. J. Ayer · 初版 1936 年
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Ayer 先生确立了一套具体的检验标准，借助这些标准，你可以轻松评估各种思想论断。你还将学会如何识别那些无法被经验所证伪的思想——即表达宗教、道德或美学体验的观念，阐发神学或形而上学教义的理论，以及涉及先验真理的论调。本书的核心论点在于：哲学不应将精力虚掷于不可知之物，而应在批判与分析中发挥其应有的功能。
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……Philosophy. OUP（年代虽久，但属于通论性质的经典入门）Simon Blackburn《Think》. Oxford（很好的通论入门）Tim Crane《The Mechanical Mind》. Penguin（心灵哲学的优秀入门）A J Ayer《Language, Truth, and Logic》. Penguin（有点过时，但堪称经典）D Hume《Enquiries》T Kuhn《The Structure of Scientific Revolutions》. Univ of Chicago Press
…Philosophy. OUP (dated, but a classic general introduction) Simon Blackburn Think. Oxford (nice general introduction) Tim Crane The Mechanical Mind. Penguin (Nice introduction to phil of mind) A J Ayer Language, Truth, and Logic. Penguin (dated, but a classic) D Hume Enquiries T Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Univ of Chicago Press
至于逻辑方面：推荐 AJ Ayer 的《Language, Truth and Logic》。这本书是作者在 20 世纪 30 年代造访维也纳后，试图将逻辑实证主义引入英语世界的一部论著。虽然逻辑实证主义最终没成气候，但这本书……
For logic: Language, Truth and Logic by AJ Ayer. It is an account that tried to introduce logical positivism to the English speaking world after the author visited Vienna in the 1930s. While logical positivism didn’t pan out, the book is…
- 理查德·道金斯的《自私的基因》（The Selfish Gene）- 侯世达的《哥德尔、艾舍尔、巴赫：集异璧之大成》（Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid）- A. J. Ayer 的《Language, Truth, and Logic》- 德内拉·梅多斯的《系统之美》（Thinking in Systems: A Primer）。这些书可以作为投资哲学指南，适合那些已经养成存钱习惯但正在寻找“下一步”的人……
- The Selfish Gene by Richard Dawkins - Godel Escher Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid by Douglas Hofstadter - Language, Truth, and Logic by A. J. Ayer - Thinking in Systems: A Primer by Donella Meadows Books that serve as investment philosophy guides for those who've developed a habit of saving money but are looking for the "next step"…
……哲学家（罗素、G.E·摩尔等许多人）。注：理解语言语义学及其在哲学思考、知觉和逻辑中所扮演的角色，是 20 世纪哲学的一个重要方面。28.《Language, Truth, and Logic》—— A.J Ayer。我最初漏掉了这本书，因为 Ayer 后来对其持批评态度，称里面充斥着他年轻时的错误。但转念一想，我还是把它加了进来，因为 Ayer 阐释语言的方式、……
…philosophers (Russell, G.E Moore and many others). Note: understanding language semantics and how it plays a role in philosophical thinking, perception and logic is a major aspect of 20th C. philosophy. 28. Language, Truth, and Logic — A.J Ayer I initially omitted this book, as later Ayer was critical of it stating that it contains mistakes of his youth. On second thoughts, I've included it, as the way Ayer explains language, the…
我的书单：* 量子理论 * 弦理论 * 列宁的著作（《国家与革命》除外）* 伊本·赫勒敦的《历史绪论》（Muqaddimah）* 维也纳学派的著作，特别是《Language, Truth, and Logic》（很多人会跳过这本）
My list: * Quantum theory * String theory * Lenin's works except The State and Revolution * Muqaddimah of Ibn Khaldun (by Ibn Khaldun) * Vienna Circle's works especially Language, Truth, and Logic (many skip this one)
……我还是觉得这个说法未免太笼统了。它表明逻辑实证主义学派源自布劳威尔（Brouwer）——首先从没人这么教过我，其次这在例如 A.J. Ayer 的《Language, Truth, and Logic》[1] 中也压根没有出现过。最后，我能理解双重否定律是如何演变成认识论问题的，但他这里所谓的矛盾律（非矛盾律？）却看不出来。他接着去证伪……
…still think it's quite a broad statement. It shows that the school of the logical positivists springs from Brouwer -- which firstly I was never taught, and which secondly does not appear in, for instance, Language, Truth, and Logic[1] by A.J. Ayer. Finally I can see how the law of double negation becomes an epistemological matter, but not the law of what he calls here contradiction (noncontradiction?). He goes on to disprove the…